Class 10 Science Metals and Non-Metals notes card

Class 10 Science Chapter 3 — Metals & Non-Metals Notes

Q: Q1: What are Amphoteric Oxides? Give examples.

Ans: Amphoteric oxides are metal oxides that show both acidic and basic behavior. They react with both acids and bases to produce salt and water. The two most important examples for Class 10 are Aluminum Oxide (Al₂O₃) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) .

Q: Q2: Why do Ionic Compounds have high melting points?

Ans: Ionic compounds are made of positive and negative ions held together by very strong electrostatic forces of attraction. A significant amount of energy is required to break these strong inter-ionic bonds, resulting in high melting and boiling points.

Q: Q3: What is the difference between Calcination and Roasting?

Calcination is heating carbonate ores in limited air (e.g., ZnCO₃ → ZnO + CO₂). Roasting is heating sulphide ores in the presence of excess air (e.g., 2ZnS + 3O₂ → 2ZnO + 2SO₂).

Q: Q4: Which metals do not react with water at all?

Ans: Metals like Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag), and Gold (Au) do not react with water (cold, hot, or steam).

Q: Q5: What is the Thermite Reaction?

Ans: It is a displacement reaction between Iron(III) Oxide (Fe₂O₃) and Aluminum (Al). The reaction is highly exothermic, producing molten iron which is used to join railway tracks. Equation: Fe₂O₃(s) + 2Al(s) → 2Fe(l) + Al₂O₃(s) + Heat.

December 18, 2025 Pandey Sir

Master “Metals and Non-Metals” with Pandey Sir’s Topper Notes

Are you struggling to remember the Reactivity Series or the steps of Metallurgy? You are not alone. Chapter 3 of Class 10 Science, Metals and Non-Metals, is high-weightage and packed with chemical reactions.

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✅ Comparisons Tables: Metals vs. Non-Metals.
✅ Visual Diagrams: Electron dot structure of NaCl.
✅ Mnemonics: The easiest way to learn the Reactivity Series.
✅ Solved PYQs: Direct questions from 2019-2023 Board Papers.

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Q1: What are Amphoteric Oxides? Give examples.

Ans: Amphoteric oxides are metal oxides that show both acidic and basic behavior. They react with both acids and bases to produce salt and water. The two most important examples for Class 10 are Aluminum Oxide (Al₂O₃) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO).

Q2: Why do Ionic Compounds have high melting points?

Ans: Ionic compounds are made of positive and negative ions held together by very strong electrostatic forces of attraction. A significant amount of energy is required to break these strong inter-ionic bonds, resulting in high melting and boiling points.

Q3: What is the difference between Calcination and Roasting?

Calcination is heating carbonate ores in limited air (e.g., ZnCO₃ → ZnO + CO₂).
Roasting is heating sulphide ores in the presence of excess air (e.g., 2ZnS + 3O₂ → 2ZnO + 2SO₂).

Q4: Which metals do not react with water at all?

Ans: Metals like Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag), and Gold (Au) do not react with water (cold, hot, or steam).

Q5: What is the Thermite Reaction?

Ans: It is a displacement reaction between Iron(III) Oxide (Fe₂O₃) and Aluminum (Al). The reaction is highly exothermic, producing molten iron which is used to join railway tracks.

Equation: Fe₂O₃(s) + 2Al(s) → 2Fe(l) + Al₂O₃(s) + Heat.